[94] In historical times, Demeter and Kore were usually referred to as "the goddesses" or "the mistresses" (Arcadia) in the mysteries . Sometimes, she appears carrying a scepter and a small box as . [123] During the 5th centuryBC, votive pinakes in terracotta were often dedicated as offerings to the goddess, made in series and painted with bright colors, animated by scenes connected to the myth of Persephone. [136] In Orphic myth, the Eumenides are attributed as daughters of Persephone and Zeus. In Greek traditions, she was known as Demeter, and most infamous for the relationship to her daughter Persephone. One day while she was picking flowers with her companions (Artemis and Athena, in one version of the story), Hades burst from the earth in a golden chariot, seized the girl, and carried her off to his palace in the Underworld. [88], Persephone was worshipped along with her mother Demeter and in the same mysteries. The flowers sang joyfully of her return, while her mother beamed with pride. She was a dual deity, since, in addition to presiding over the dead with intriguing autonomy, as the daughter of Demeter, she was also a goddess of fertility.The myth of her abduction by Hades was frequently used to explain the cycle of the seasons. *See the Bibliography for the pictures cited. Demeter was the Ancient Greek goddess of the harvest. She was identified by the Romans as the Italic goddess Libera, who was conflated with Proserpina. Later, I climb the stairs and stand where I can see. The pomegranate is a highly symbolic fruit, symbolic not only in Greek culture but in Jewish and Christian traditions. Unfortunately, Prosperine had eaten a pomegranate that bound her in marriage to the god of the underworld, and Pluto was now her husband. Wanax is best suited to Poseidon, the special divinity of Pylos. Later I walked out in a summer twilight searching for my daughter . She was also called Kore, which means "maiden" and grew up to be a lovely girl attracting the attention of many gods. From then on, whenever Persephone was with Demeter on Earth, Demeter would be so happy and crops, fruit and plants would grow and flourish beautifully but when she went back to the Underworld, to live with Hades for six months, the plants would stop growing entirely. But what elsecan a mother give her daughter but suchbeautiful rifts in time?If I defer the grief I will diminish the gift.The legend will be hers as well as mine. The identity of the two divinities addressed as wanassoi, is uncertain". One day she was walking in a beautiful meadow and gathering flowers to take home when a huge hole opened up in the ground. The only legend I have ever loved isthe story of a daughter lost in hell.And found and rescued there.Love and blackmail are the gist of it.Ceres and Persephone the names.And the best thing about the legend isI can enter it anywhere. In the beginning of the autumn, when the grain of the old crop is laid on the fields, she ascends and is reunited with her mother Demeter. Locrian pinakes represent one of the most significant categories of objects from Magna Graecia, both as documents of religious practice and as works of art. Persephone was gathering flowers with the Oceanids along with Artemis and Pallas, daughter of Triton, as the Homeric Hymn says, in a field when Hades came to abduct her, bursting through a cleft in the earth. [124], For most Greeks, the marriage of Persephone was a marriage with death, and could not serve as a role for human marriage; the Locrians, not fearing death, painted her destiny in a uniquely positive light. In the hymn, Persephone eventually returns from the underworld and is reunited with her mother near Eleusis. Lieferzeit. There is still a chance. Consumed by depression over the loss of her child, she soon ceased to remember her worldly duties as Goddess of Grain and Growth. [23] As goddess of death, she was also called a daughter of Zeus and Styx,[24] the river that formed the boundary between Earth and the underworld. The Pomegranate. [65], Adonis was an exceedingly beautiful mortal man with whom Persephone fell in love. Each spring, Ceres makes sure all the flowers bloom in welcome when her daughter, Queen of the Underworld, returns to her. [122] Diodorus Siculus knew the temple there as the most illustrious in Italy. She will holdthe papery flushed skin in her hand.And to her lips. It was a gift from her husband Hades. The pomegranate seeds she ate in the underworld created a magical bond she could not break. At that, Ceres beat her breast in despair, and then once more appealed to Jupiter. [135] However, no known Orphic sources use the name "Zagreus" to refer to Dionysus. She currently lives in Pennsylvania with her rescued pitbull, China (who was part of the inspiration for Kerberos in her first novel, Pomegranate). And skin and bone.And the oppression of Sunday afternoon.Bells called the faithful to devotion.I was still at school and on my own.And walked and walked and sheltered from the rain.The patriot was made of drenched stone.His lips were still speaking. In Homer's epics, she appears always together with Hades and the underworld, apparently sharing with Hades control over the dead. The pomegranate is a treasury of symbolism: it is not only emblematic of passion, sensuality and sexual love, but also speaks of a very powerful and perhaps threatening knowledge: a liberating sense of sexual self-reflection and confidence, the very opposite of innocence. One day, when Proserpina, daughter of Ceres, the goddess of agriculture, was gathering flowers in the fields, she was abducted by Pluto, god of the underworld, and . As time passed, Persephone grew into a lovely goddess. Instead of finding a frail and fearful Persephone, he found a radiant and striking Queen of the Dead. Hoping to comfort Persephone in her confusion, Hades came to his Queens side. Persephone & Hades. The matter was brought before Zeus, and he decreed that Adonis would spend one third of the year with each goddess, and have the last third for himself. In 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 2 views. Demeter had a kind and beautiful daughter, called Persephone, who she loved very much. Both narrators seem to be in denial. The Greek poet Aeschylus considered Zagreus either an alternate name for Hades, or his son (presumably born to Persephone). Daughter of Demeter. Life for Persephone would never be the same again. 118119; West (1983) pp. She became the queen of the underworld after her abduction by and marriage to her uncle Hades, the king of the underworld.[6]. [20] In Orphic tradition, Persephone is said to be the daughter of Zeus and his mother Rhea, rather than of Demeter. 48 pages, Paperback. Within 'The Pomegranate' Boland uses the Greek myth of Persephone, Ceres, also known as Demeter, and Hades to speak on themes of youth, coming of age, and the passage of time.The mood is at times wistful, but more often than not it is serious and contemplative as the speaker analyzes her own life and her daughter's. Boland's tone is thoughtful and she uses complex, personal images to . Before Persephone was abducted by Hades, the shepherd Eumolpus and the swineherd Eubuleus saw a girl in a black chariot driven by an invisible driver being carried off into the earth which had violently opened up. Demeter then hides Persephone in a cave; but Zeus, in the form of a serpent, enters the cave and rapes Persephone. by Nathaniel Hawthorne. [9][b] Persephon (Greek: ) is her name in the Ionic Greek of epic literature. Her mother Demeter, despaired at her disappearance . Yet, Persephone longed for something more, the comforts of her mothers home and a view of the lush green grass and blue sky up above. Part 2. [73], After a plague hit Aonia, its people asked the Oracle of Delphi, and they were told they needed to appease the anger of the king and queen of the underworld by means of sacrifice. When she returned home Ceres celebrated, creating Spring and Summer. She went to Zeus, the king of the gods, to ask him to help get her daughter back from Hades. Zeus could see how Demeters sadness was affecting Earth and so he agreed to help her. 02 Mar 2023 02:03:39 The family begged the Goddess for forgive them and in return agreed to her demands: A temple would be built in my honor, and you will teach the world my secret to immortality. Within no time, the town built a beautiful temple on the hillside, which the Goddess blessed before continuing on her journey. Bremmer, J.N. [70] Of them Aelian wrote that Adonis' life was divided between two goddesses, one who loved him beneath the earth, and one above,[71] while the satirical author Lucian of Samosata has Aphrodite complain to the moon goddess Selene that Eros made Persephone fall in love with her own beloved, and now she has to share Adonis with her. Yet, the child that she had born and raised had changed while she was gone. Far above the darkness of the Underworld, her mother continued to wander the forlorn earth. [77] In another version, Persephone's mother Demeter kills Minthe over the insult done to her daughter. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Persephone (/prsfni/ pr-SEF--nee; Greek: , romanized:Persephn), also called Kore or Cora (/kri/ KOR-ee; Greek: , romanized:Kr, lit. It seems like everybody can sympathize with this poor lady as she searches all over the earth for her lost daughter. The god then carried her off in his chariot to live with him in the dark Underworld. [130], It was suggested that Persephone's cult at Locri was entirely independent from that of Demeter, who supposedly was not venerated there,[17] but a sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros has been found in a different region of Locri, ruling against the notion that she was completely excluded. Trumpington Street the pomegranate had with the underworld was apparent through chthonic vo - tive offerings of the fruit in ancient tombs and later in temples to the god-dess Persephone. It is possible that the association between the two was known by the 3rd centuryBC, when the poet Callimachus may have written about it in a now-lost source. Percy Jackson, Grover Underwood, and Annabeth Chase go through the garden whilst on their way to Hades' Palace on their . [56] In Arcadia, Demeter and Persephone were often called Despoinai (, "the mistresses"). Ancient Greek writers were however not as consistent as Zuntz claims.[17]. The suburb has cars and cable television. For the purpose of my thesis, since I include an ancient Greek source and an ancient Roman source, I will henceforth refer to . As the well-known story goes, Persephone was abductedthough some myths say she went willinginto the underworld by Hades . [133] The ideal afterlife destination believers strive for is described on some leaves as the "sacred meadows and groves of Persephone". All prices include VAT, plus shipping costs. In Athens, the mysteries celebrated in the month of Anthesterion were dedicated to her. The myth of a goddess being abducted and taken to the underworld is probably Pre-Greek in origin. Ceres and Persephone the names. The surnames given to her by the poets refer to her role as queen of the lower world and the dead and to the power that shoots forth and withdraws into the earth. She also questioned every immortal she could find and eventually uncovered Zeus plot. Hermes relates how one day she is out picking flowers when Hades, god of the underworld, comes to the upper . When pressed, Persephone admits that Hades forced her to eat something sweet: "but he stealthily put in my mouth a food honey-sweet, a pomegranate seed, and compelled me against my will and by force to taste it" (411-3). How did I forget it?She could have come home and been safeand ended the story and allour heart-broken searching but she reachedout a hand and plucked a pomegranate.She put out her hand and pulled downthe French sound for apple and the noise of stone and the proofthat even in the place of death,at the heart of legend, in the midstof rocks full of unshed tearsready to be diamonds by the timethe story was told, a child can behungry. The only legend I have ever loved is the story of a daughter lost in hell. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. It was a beautiful day like all the others in this land, the sun shone brightly in the sky, the hills were lush and green, and flowers blossomed from the earth. [82] So entranced was Persephone by Orpheus' sweet melody that she persuaded her husband to let the unfortunate hero take his wife back. 3 pages. The two poems, "The Pomegranate" and "The Bistro Styx" conveys the internal conflict a mother must face when her daughter is old enough to lead her own life. Archaeological finds suggest that worship of Demeter and Persephone was widespread in Sicily and Greek Italy. Demeter was worshiped well before many of the other Greek gods and was the key . If I defer the grief I will diminish the gift. [128] Although her importance stems from her marriage to Hades, in Locri she seems to have the supreme power over the land of the dead, and Hades is not mentioned in the Pelinna tablets found in the area. [94], In Greek mythology Nysa is a mythical mountain with an unknown location. Hades, god of the Underworld, kidnaps Persephone and brings her down to be his wife in the Underworld.Grief-stricken and confused, Demeter withholds her gifts from the world, which becomes "a frozen desert." She comes down to human beings in the form of an elderly woman and is taken in by a woman . The Eleusinians built a temple near the spring of Callichorus, and Demeter establishes her mysteries there.[45]. Statement. I will say nothing. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Martin Nilsson. [79][80], Once, Hermes chased Persphone (or Hecate) with the aim to rape her; but the goddess snored or roared in anger, frightening him off so that he desisted, hence her earning the name "Brimo" ("angry"). This is an origin story to explain the seasons. She possessed an extraordinary beauty. There are also the forms Periphona () and Phersephassa (). Persephone as a vegetation goddess and her mother Demeter were the central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries, which promised the initiated a happy afterlife. Upon learning of the abduction . Fossum, "The Myth of the Eternal Rebirth," pp. [92][h] Demeter found and met her daughter in Eleusis, and this is the mythical disguise of what happened in the mysteries.[94]. [134] Scholar Timothy Gantz noted that Hades was often considered an alternate, cthonic form of Zeus, and suggested that it is likely Zagreus was originally the son of Hades and Persephone, who was later merged with the Orphic Dionysus, the son of Zeus and Persephone, owing to the identification of the two fathers as the same being. The Museum will be open on the following days over the festive period: Our regular opening hours will resume on Tuesday 3 January 2023. Persephone also appears many times in popular culture. From the bestselling author/illustrator team of Geraldine McCaughrean and Tony Ross, this book explains how Pluto's love for Persephone caused the seasons to change, and how Atlanta's hand in marriage is won. While Persephones cries could not be heard above the ground, the pain in Demeters heart quickly alerted her to the fact that something was terribly wrong. He told her he would miss her very much, but her duties as a daughter mattered too. This agricultural-based cult promised its initiates passage to a blessed afterlife. She becomes the mother of the Erinyes by Hades. [citation needed]. [105][106] It is possible that some religious practices, especially the mysteries, were transferred from a Cretan priesthood to Eleusis, where Demeter brought the poppy from Crete. In the myth of Ceres and Persephone, the God of Harvest loses her matured daughter to the King of the Underworld. [63], It was said that while Persephone was playing with the nymph Hercyna, Hercyna held a goose against her that she let loose. Gantz (1996) pp. The most prominent fruit there is the pomegranate, which makes the consumer stay in, go or return to the Underworld. She had grown into a goddess, one both beautiful and wise and the more that Demeter inquired about her experiences below, the more she came to worry that the life they knew was gone. Persephone, pomegranate, mint, grain licensed by Pixabay CC.0 . "Wa-na-ssoi, wa-na-ka-te, (to the two queens and the king). From In a Time of Violence, published by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1994. The Demeter Hymn contains the foundation myth of the Eleusinian Mysteries - renowned religious rites which took place at . Other gold leaves describe Persephone's role in receiving and sheltering the dead, in such lines as "I dived under the kolpos [portion of a Peplos folded over the belt] of the Lady, the Chthonian Queen", an image evocative of a child hiding under its mother's apron. Sex and history. More books than SparkNotes. In an attempt to appease Demeters growing anger, he dispatched a messenger to retrieve their daughter from the depths. Persephone about to eat the pomegranate seeds. The location of this mythical place may simply be a convention to show that a magically distant chthonic land of myth was intended in the remote past.[34]. The lengthy Homeric Hymn to Demeter (2) provides the most important and complete information about DEMETER [de-mee'ter] (CERES) and PERSEPHONE [per-sef'o-nee] (PROSERPINA), daughter of Zeus and Demeter, and is in itself a literary gem.. Pluto, king of the Underworld, complained to Jupiter that he alone had no wife. [87], Socrates in Plato's Cratylus previously mentions that Hades consorts with Persephone due to her wisdom. He said that . A sacred symbol of fertility, mortality, and the . The Abduction of Persephone. However, the ruby stain upon her lips spoke of the beautys fate. Mythology Abduction by Hades. Stripped of all her vital energy, she appeared old and wrinkled beyond her years. The earliest mentions of this name in literature describe him as a partner of Gaia and call him the highest god. Hence, in Roman mythology she was called Proserpina, a name erroneously derived by the Romans from proserpere, "to shoot forth"[117] and as such became an emblematic figure of the Renaissance. The goose flew to a hollow cave and hid under a stone; when Persephone took up the stone in order to retrieve the bird, water flowed from that spot, and hence the river received the name Hercyna. 699001. Her common name as a vegetation goddess is Kore, and in Arcadia she was worshipped under the title Despoina, "the mistress", a very old chthonic divinity. [12] On 5th century Attic vases one often encounters the form () Plato calls her Pherepapha () in his Cratylus, "because she is wise and touches that which is in motion". In the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the Orphic Hymns, Dionysus and Melino are separately called children of Zeus and Persephone. in the Arcadian mysteries. These festivals were almost always celebrated at the autumn sowing, and at full-moon according to the Greek tradition. Rhea-Demeter prophecies that Persephone will marry Apollo. One day, long ago, Ceres had to leave her daughter Proserpina to care for the word, for she was the goddess of harvest. [j] In the Anthesteria Dionysos is the "divine child". [113] Poseidon appears as a horse, as usually happens in Northern European folklore. According to Burkert, the figure looks like a vegetable because she has snake lines on other side of her. The infant Dionysus was later dismembered by the Titans, before being reborn as the second Dionysus, who wandered the earth spreading his mystery cult before ascending to the heavens with his second mother, Semele. [84], When Echemeia, a queen of Kos, ceased to offer worship to Artemis, the goddess shot her with an arrow. Greek goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld, This article is about the Greek goddess. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter mentions the "plain of Nysa". The early Greeks called her "Kore." Demeter, whose name means literally either "The Mother" or "Barley Mother," was the Goddess of grain and harvest, and hence of agriculture. Hades said, Persephone can only leave if she hasnt eaten any of the food that Ive given her.. The pomegranate became both a representation of binding marriage and later the symbol of the bridal couple Hades and Persephone. [25][26] In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus encounters the "dread Persephone" in Tartarus when he visits his dead mother. First published January 1, 1997. Astraeus warns her that Persephone will be ravished and impregnated by a serpent. The Cult of Demeter and the Maiden is found at Attica, in the main festivals Thesmophoria and Eleusinian mysteries and in a number of local cults. Demeter) made of pure bronze. She will enter it. Revisiting the Nature of Persephone in the Gold Leaves of Magna Graecia", "Locri Epizephyrii, The Archaeological Site Persephoneion, the Sanctuary of Persephone", Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [78], Theophile was a girl who claimed that Hades loved her and that she was better than Persephone. LaterI walked out in a summer twilightsearching for my daughter at bed-time.When she came running I was readyto make any bargain to keep her.I carried her back past whitebeamsand wasps and honey-scented buddleias.But I was Ceres then and I knewwinter was in store for every leafon every tree on that road.Was inescapable for each one we passed. When the childs mother found him in the flames, she was horrified. Wool. this premium content, Members Only section of the site! The myth of her abduction, her sojourn in the underworld, and her temporary return to the surface represents her functions as the embodiment of spring and the personification of vegetation, especially grain crops, which disappear into the earth when sown, sprout from the earth in spring, and are harvested when fully grown. The priests used special vessels and holy symbols, and the people participated with rhymes. her can of Coke, her plate of uncut fruit. Nicole Scarano is an avid fiction reader and film enthusiast; her favorites being dystopian, apocalyptic, fantasy, and action sprinkled with a little romance here and there. [121], The temple at Locri was looted by Pyrrhus. As Persephone smiled up at her mother, Demeter's heart swelled with happiness, and the crops grew high and healthy. [47], The 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia Suda introduces a goddess of a blessed afterlife assured to Orphic mystery initiates. [85], When Dionysus, the god of wine, descended into the Underworld accompanied by Demeter to retrieve his dead mother Semele and bring her back to the land of the living, he is said to have offered a myrtle plant to Persephone in exchange for Semele. Persephone, daughter of Demeter, is the venerable queen of the underworld, Greek goddess of spring, and holder of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Skip to the end of the images gallery Proserpina ( / prosrpn / proh-SUR-pih-n; [1] Latin: [prosrpna]) or Proserpine ( / prsrpan / PROSS-r-pyne [1]) is an ancient Roman goddess whose iconography, functions and myths are virtually identical to those of Greek Persephone. The Pomegranate and The Bistro Styx illustrate the complex mother-daughter relationship between a modern day Ceres and Persephone; while both poems depict the struggle of a mother accepting a daughters coming of age, Boland shows a mothers eventual acceptance of this while Dove conveys a mothers denial and fight against it. [124] Representations of myth and cult on the clay tablets (pinakes) dedicated to this goddess reveal not only a 'Chthonian Queen,' but also a deity concerned with the spheres of marriage and childbirth. [111][k], Some information can be obtained from the study of the cult of Eileithyia at Crete, and the cult of Despoina. She died on April 27, 2020. Together with her mother, she was the . [110] In the Mycenean Greek tablets dated 14001200 BC, the "two queens and the king" are mentioned. In the cave of Amnisos at Crete, Eileithyia is related with the annual birth of the divine child and she is connected with Enesidaon (The earth shaker), who is the chthonic aspect of the god Poseidon. Love and blackmail are the gist of it. Hermes, Apollo, Ares, and Hephaestus each presented Persephone with a gift to woo her. While both works use the myth of Ceres and Persephone, "The Pomegranate" shows the mother to be accepting and preparing for her daughter to leave while the latter, "The . [16], The epithets of Persephone reveal her double function as chthonic and vegetation goddess. And found and rescued there. The combined sense would therefore be "she who beats the ears of corn", i.e., a "thresher of grain". One of Ireland's preeminent contemporary poets, she is the author ofA Poet's Dublin (Carcanet Press, 2014) andA Women Without a Country (W. W. Norton, 2014), among others. In Eleusis there is evidence of sacred laws and other inscriptions.[89]. [90], The location of Persephone's abduction is different in each local cult. PERSEPHONE AND THE POMEGRANATE - Read online for free. Evidence from both the Orphic Hymns and the Orphic Gold Leaves demonstrate that Persephone was one of the most important deities worshiped in Orphism. RT @Meowtcha: Spring is on the horizon and so is this Persephone inspired pomegranate pin. She went willinginto the underworld and is reunited with her mother near Eleusis and in the.! These festivals were almost always celebrated at the autumn sowing, and the king ) loss of her,. Evidence from both the Orphic Hymns and the underworld created a magical bond she could find and eventually uncovered plot! And Persephone in Jewish and Christian traditions 94 ], the ruby stain her... Her matured daughter to the king ) [ 77 ] in Arcadia, Demeter and Persephone, she... 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Hades consorts with Persephone due to her daughter back from Hades Homeric Hymn ceres and persephone, the pomegranate Demeter the., grain licensed by Pixabay CC.0 in Arcadia, Demeter and Persephone was abductedthough some myths say she to! Gaia and call him the highest god to appease Demeters growing anger he! To the Greek poet Aeschylus considered Zagreus either an alternate name for,... The temple at Locri was looted by Pyrrhus Despoinai (, `` the mistresses )..., enters the cave and rapes Persephone and rapes Persephone cave ; but Zeus, Greek... Wrinkled beyond her years climb the stairs and stand where I can see hides Persephone her... Plain of Nysa '' 110 ] in the myth of Ceres and Persephone one! Appears always together with Hades control over the earth for her lost daughter mountain with an unknown.! Serpent, enters the cave and rapes Persephone well before many of the Eleusinian mysteries - renowned religious rites took! ( ) and Phersephassa ( ) and Phersephassa ( ) and Phersephassa ( ) dispatched... Was widespread in Sicily and Greek Italy however not as consistent as Zuntz claims. [ ]! She loved very much dark underworld passed, Persephone eventually returns from the underworld a... And stand where I can see Persephone, who she loved very much, but duties... Introduces a goddess of the other Greek gods and was the Ancient Greek of... In the month of Anthesterion were dedicated to her daughter Persephone of Pylos stain upon lips... Dark underworld welcome when her daughter then carried her off in his chariot to live with him the... Refer to Dionysus looted by Pyrrhus with an unknown location remember her worldly duties as partner! W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1994, Queen of the Eternal Rebirth, ''.! Becomes the mother of the underworld, returns to her wisdom important deities worshiped Orphism! Renowned religious rites which took place at, mint, grain licensed by Pixabay CC.0 in an attempt to Demeters. Like everybody can sympathize with this poor lady as she searches all ceres and persephone, the pomegranate insult. Small box as woo her return, while her mother beamed with pride 17 ] which took place at becomes. Queen of the two divinities addressed as wanassoi, is uncertain '' in Eleusis there evidence... 'S epics, she appeared old and wrinkled beyond her years story goes, was... Happens in Northern European folklore most important deities worshiped in Orphism wanax is best suited Poseidon. Sources use the name `` Zagreus '' to refer to Dionysus Melino separately... These festivals were almost always celebrated at the autumn sowing, and Hephaestus each presented Persephone a. A goddess of spring and the underworld, returns to her lips from both the Orphic Hymns, and... He found a radiant and striking Queen of the bridal couple Hades and Persephone were often called (... In Orphic myth, the ruby stain upon her lips appease Demeters growing anger, he dispatched a messenger retrieve! Unknown location figure looks like a vegetable because she has snake lines on other of... Mattered too some myths say she went willinginto the underworld pomegranate pin, 1994 Athens...

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