The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. On a Saturday in spring, Claudia goes inside and finds Frieda crying. But World War I worsened the problem. Yet at the same time the girls sense is also the communities sense of the prostitutes. "The Maginot Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking." Dont have an account? Following the Munich Agreement and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Germans were able to use the Czech fortifications to plan attacks that proved successful against the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is the best-known example). His proclivity for young girls is foreshadowed earlier when he has Frieda and Claudia search his body for the magic penny, but as Claudia tells us then, they have fond memories of Henry despite what he has done. This was impossible elsewhere as the other parts of the line were located in civilian areas.[10]. The main fortifications of the line were still mostly intact, many commanders were prepared to hold out, and the Italian advance had been contained. The Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment, artillery and ground forces. These mixed-race colonial subjects worship their own oppressors, struggling to emulate them. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. In the 17th century, from his luxurious palace at Versailles, Louis XIV oversaw the construction of citadels and fortresses meant to mark and protect the Sun King's territory. And her own daughter matters less than this little white girl, as seen in her assurances to the little girl that she needn't trouble herself over the identity of the three black children. [45], Jackson commented that "it has often been alleged that the Maginot Line contributed to France's defeat by making the military too complacent and defence-minded. [20] The drop in the birth rate during and after the war, resulting in a national shortage of young men, created an "echo" effect on the generation that provided the French conscript army in the mid-1930s. Mr. Henry, an adult male character, forces Frieda into womanhood. During the funeral, Cholly goes down to the river with a girl named Darlene. During the ensuing Ruhrkampf ("Ruhr struggle") between the Germans and the French that lasted until September 1923, Britain condemned the French occupation of the Ruhr. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. [19] Part of the rationale for the Maginot Line stemmed from the severe French losses during the First World War and their effect on the French population. In analysing the Maginot Line, Ariel Ilan Roth summarised its main purpose: it was not "as popular myth would later have it, to make France invulnerable", but it was constructed "to appeal flanking far outweigh the appeal of attacking them head on". Renews March 8, 2023 These GFM cloches were sometimes used to emplace machine guns or observation periscopes. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. 4. Cholly searches for father figuresfirst, in Blue Jack, and then in his biological father. The Maginot Line allowed France to defend its border with Germany with second-rate fortress troops. She is pretty, playful andaffectionate. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. One of Cholly's happiest memories is of Blue Jack smashing a watermelon and sharing the heart with him. The line has since become a metaphor for expensive efforts that offer a false sense of security.[1]. The false sense of security contributed "to the development of the "Maginot mentality". However, he noted that the French failed to use the line as the basis for an offensive. Why did the French build the line? Her courtesy and hospitality are real, but she has no patience for the girls' disrespect. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. You can view our. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! They fought for four years in WWI, but were done in a week in WWII." Following the First World War, the French government and military officials feared another war with Germany would occur sometime in the future. A neighbor, Mr. Buford, arrived and gave Mr. MacTeer a gun. Claudia suggests that they try to get Pecola to help them find some whiskey, reasoning that Pecola should be able to help them because Cholly is always drunk. Continue to start your free trial. However, when the Germans attacked . . Flood Zones were natural basins or rivers that could be flooded on demand and thus constitute an additional obstacle in the event of an enemy offensive. Teachers and parents! Read an in-depth analysis of Claudia MacTeer. [42], Marc Romanych and Martin Rupp highlight that "poor decisions and missed opportunities" plagued the line and point to its purpose of conserving manpower: "about 20 percent of [France's] field divisions remained inactive along the Maginot Line". French military experts believed the line would deter German aggression because it would slow an invasion force long enough for French forces to mobilise and counterattack. The ninth of eleven children, as a child she is all but ignored by her family. She is tall and impressive, and she carries a hickory stick. In 1940 German Army Group B, a force of around 1 million men and 1,500 crossed the Ardennes and across the River Meuse. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character China, Poland, and Miss Marie appears in, laughter coming from inside the house. This section presents a powerful contrast between the MacTeers and the Breedloves. The largest guns were, therefore 135mm (5.3in) fortress guns; larger weapons were to be part of the mobile forces and were to be deployed behind the lines. She is lonely and imaginative. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. His desire to poison the animal stems solely from his own hatred of the beast, and his racial self-loathing prevents him from offering any sound counsel to Pecola. Having suffered early humiliations, he takes out his frustration on the women in his life. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. Discount, Discount Code The white woman for whom Pauline worked tries to deal with Pauline, telling her that she will give Pauline the money only if Pauline leaves Cholly. Soaphead Church is self-deluding, unhappy, and megalomaniacal. Feester: To worsen, especially due to lack of attention. 20% [50] Kaufmann and Kaufmann point to the Maginot Line along the Italian border, which "demonstrated the effectiveness of the fortifications when properly employed".[51]. 19 January 2021. Soaphead Church, whose real name is Elihue Whitcomb, is a man of mixed race from the Caribbean. She invites the girls upstairs for a soda, but Frieda tells her that they are not allowed to visit her because she is "ruined." The elderly woman who raises Cholly. He was opposed by modernists such as Paul Reynaud and Charles de Gaulle, who favoured investment in armour and aircraft. Struggling with distance learning? Furious, Mrs. Breedlove sends the girls away and comforts the little white girl, who has begun to cry. Frieda equates being "ruined" to being like the Maginot Line, because she heard her mother say that the Maginot Line was a "ruined" woman. She depends upon their interpretation of what has taken place in order to understand it herself. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! | The old women of the community, matriarchs described with great reverence by the narrator, take care of Aunt Jimmy and she seems to get better. Pauline makes a little extra noise while delivering, to let the doctors know that she's no horseand she also points out to us that if you look into a mare's eyes, you realize that even a horse feels pain. For the girls, the beauty of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the people who live in them. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The community knows. She then throws her root-beer bottle down at the girls' feet and laughs loudly, terrifying the girls, who run until they can't run any farther. 5. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Its construction created a false sense of security, which was widely believed by the French population. THE MAGINOT LINE I31 ernment.I As a result, much of the spirit of the reform was quietly nullified, though the law, including the two-year service, remained on the statute books. All cloches were made of alloy steel. What does the little girl call Mrs Breedlove? He is a religious hypocrite. She learns that Mr. MacTeer has beaten up Mr. Henry and kicked him out of the house. 3. After an afternoon of relaxing in a field, splitting milkweed stems. "Maginot Line" has acquired a secondary meaning: a defensive barrier or strategy that inspires a false sense of security, according to Merriam-Webster. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Maginot Line. Behind them were minefields and tank traps made from row after row of porcupine-like iron girders that would cripple armored vehicles. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. Rgiments d'artillerie de position (RAP) consisted of static artillery units. Their misinterpretation highlights their innocence. The hot pie filling burns Pecola's legs painfully, but when Mrs. Breedlove returns and sees the mess she runs to Pecola and backhands her, knocking the girl down. [43] Kaufmann and Kaufmann commented, "When all is said and done, the Maginot Line did not fail to accomplish its original mission it provided a shield that bought time for the army to mobilise [and] concentrate its best troops along the Belgian border to engage the enemy. An independent and strong-minded nine-year-old, Claudia is a fighter and rebels against adults tyranny over children and against the Black communitys idealization of white beauty standards. As an ally of France, they got advice on the Maginot design and applied it to Czechoslovak border fortifications. [26] The French imported a third of their coal from Britain, and 32 percent of all imports through French ports were carried by British ships. Joffre had support from Marshal Henri Philippe Ptain, and the government organised many reports and commissions. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. . She loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk. on 50-99 accounts. It's possible to see an unsettling connection between the blonde dolls and the blonde daughters of families that employ black servants: in playing with little blonde dolls, black girls must either pretend the child is theirsand so negate their own race and deny their own beautyor they must pretend that they, like Pauline, are servants caring for the children of white employers. She becomes pregnant. [52] The article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox. The Maginot Line tells them she works at a big white lakefront house. Petits ouvrages: These small fortresses reinforced the line of infantry bunkers. After that, her marriage with Cholly deteriorates rapidly. on 50-99 accounts. The largest of these structures, Fort Douaumont, was captured by the Germans in 1915 and triggered the infamous Battle of Verdun, the longest and bloodiest battle of WWI, claiming 400,000 French casualties and 350,000 German losses. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. While Mrs. Breedlove goes to get the wash, a very young white girl appears and reacts with fear when she sees the three girls. Pecola faints from the pain, and when she wakes she can't remember what happened. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." What does it communicate about the Breedlove household? He is a kind man and excellent storyteller. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? "[36] In addition, the French envisioned that the Germans would conduct a repeat of their First World War battle plan to flank the defences and drew up their overall strategy with that in mind. Friedas experience is frightening and confusing, but she is quickly defended by her protective parents, and Henry is a foolish rather than a threatening figure. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Claudias mother, an authoritarian and sometimes callous woman who nonetheless steadfastly loves and protects her children. A middle-class Black woman who, though she keeps house flawlessly and diligently cares for the physical appearances of herself and her family (including her husband, Louis, and her son, Junior), is essentially cold. Two telephone wires were placed parallel to the line of fortifications, providing redundancy in case a wire gets cut. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. She is surprised to see them, and they ask her why she is not afraid of the Maginot Line. Pauline has few friends; other women look down at her because she is poorly dressed and speaks like a Southern black. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. Rosemary Villanucci It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground. Vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop ox! 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