To wear red lipstick is often considered extremely attractive, and that is why women who are attractive tend to make their lips appear fuller and luscious. London: The Macmillan Company, 1970. It was recommended that a woman keep her lipstick and rouge colors coordinated, and this was easy to do as the available colours were fairly limited they rarely strayed too far from carmine red, though they could be made more purple, more orange, darker, or lighter by the addition of other pigments. Attitudes toward cosmeticsin the 19thcentury were notoriously negative. Society has a long-running love/hate relationship with lipstick, and vacillating perceptions of the women (and men) who wear it. It was an accessory that symbolized power during the Suffragettes movement, and still does today. All women in general should be warned that the work of God and His creature and image should in no way be falsified by employing yellow coloring or black powder or rouge, or, finally, any cosmetic at all that spoils the natural features, St. Cyprian wrote, adding, They are laying hands on God when they strive to remake what He has made, and to transform it, not knowing that everything that comes into existence is the work of God; that whatever is changed, is the work of the devil., Applying makeup, St. Cyprian said, was an assault upon the divine work, a violation of the truth.. To learn more, please visitwww.MimiMatthews.com. And this solidarity extended to their makeup. Chemical & Engineering News. One propaganda message from the Vogue magazine in 1942 stated: To be as attractive as we can is almost a civic duty; there are so many sad and ugly things in the world that I think women should say to themselves humbly, not with vanity I will try to be as pretty as I can, so that when people look at me, they will feel refreshed. Especially for women of color, who were often left out during the Suffragettes movement. In medieval times, people used to attach a lamp to a horse when riding at night. Home 1920s Flapper Fashion 1920s Makeup The Silent Film Vamp Look a myth exposed, Talia Felix of The Gibson Girls Guide to Glamour shares with Glamourdaze her insights into some of the misconceptions of the 1920s make-up looks of the silent movie era . : Lipstick." In 1941 and for the duration of the war, red lipstick became mandatory for women who joined the US Army. "Guerlain's $62,000 KissKiss Gold and Diamonds Lipstick." The most common cause is that your DNS settings are incorrect. In many vogue magazines and advertisements, women wore red lipstick. Nowadays, I prefer a tinted moisturizer over bold color but Im curious about the many opinions of other women. 2. Note that the red lip salve is colored with alkanet root, while the lip rouge iscolored with carmine derived from the cochineal insect. In Allied countries, wearing it became a sign of patriotism and a statement against facism. Make-up, in general, allows a woman to add contrast between her skin and facial features. X. Do avoid brighter colors. You (most likely) smirk at your fine self before turning out the light and leaving. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. According to research published in the New York Times, 81% of women in the US wear lipstick every day. Beauty Products in America, 40s-60s. Angeloglou, Maggie. Women were the ones that brought light to the people of Britain. Read more Beauty stories. As an alternative, an 1884 red lip salve recipe in, calls for balsam of Peru and oil of cloves. Or do you wear it solely to feel more confident? Bright red lipstick roared back into fashion during WWII for a surprising reason. Last December, nearly 10,000 women in Chile took to the streets wearing black blindfolds, red scarves, and red lips to denounce sexual violence in the country. But how close is this to the reality? Or some form of 19th century feminine false advertising? Striking shades like purple and black were common.They derived color from some rather interesting sources such as carmine dye that was derived from grounded cochineal insects. Famously a vegetarian, part of Hitler's antipathy towards lipstick was due to the fact that it was made from animal waste. Legal Electronic Document Archive, Harvard Law School Library. Talia Felix of The Gibson Girls Guide to Glamour shares with Glamourdaze her insights into some of the misconceptions of the 1920s make-up looks of the silent movie era -. Some women may also wear it because they enjoy the way it makes them feel. When taxes made lipstick prohibitively. Results indicate that women wear lipstick today more for And despite how much we think society has evolved, this attitude remains prevalent today. This is called feathering or bleeding. 11. Their jobs required sophisticated organizational skills and superb interpersonal relations. In Germany with Hitler as ruler, the ideology was that women should wear plain clothing with no makeup (Women in Nazi Germany); thus, Britain was more eager to promote feminine glamour in order to oppose the enemys traditions. Conversely, alkanet root yielded no color to water, but as Sparkes explains, it tinged wax and oils a deep red. For instance, bright red lipstick was commonly used as a tool to boost the morale of the public. I prefer to call it feathering, because bleeding seems a little to gory, but too each their own. The cosmetics brand founder, who had just opened her business two years earlier, was a supporter of women's rights, and she aligned herself with the cause by handing out tubes of bright red lipstick to the marching women. 'Red lipstick is a source of strength,' says Poppy King, creator of Lipstick Queen. The lipstick became a figurative form of protest in itself. In the early 20th century, red lipstick was synonymous with power and strength, specifically during the Suffragettes movement. Red symbolizes femininity. By Jackie. Lipstick became popular in the early 1910s, when leaders of the suffragette movement such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, started wearing lip rouge at rallies, associating it with women's emancipation and female rebellion. Agony Aunt: "Why is my wife addicted to wearing lipstick?". Lipstick added a special glow and spark to women which is what Britain needed to escape their pain and worries due to the war. February 10, 2009. http://www.calgaryherald.com/Life/Lipstick+sales+rise+when+economies+sink/1272830/story.html, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation (FSTC). Suffragettes wore lipstick in bright red as a sign of solidarity and political defiance. In celebration of National Lipstick Day (July 29), we pulled together all the mind-boggling facts you should know. When not writing historical non-fiction, Mimi authors exquisitely proper historical romance novels. Our ideas of silent movie make-up are actually much more dark and dramatic than the realities. As women's rights movements spread across Europe, New Zealand and Australia, with British and American organizers often sharing tactics, from organizing marches, to hunger strikes, to more aggressive militant strategies. Some researchers take this idea a step further and believe that using lipstick marks a desire to return to an infantile "rosebud mouth." By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Dishonesty? People were obviously going through dark times and they needed women to help them escape this darkness. This is because lipstick has been considered a woman's-only item. "Red lipstick is truly a way to trace cultural history and societal zeitgeist," Felder said. Check your DNS Settings. Societys attitude toward red lipstick shifted quite drastically in the World War II era, and it became seen as a symbol of bravery, patriotism and resilience. This meant the stain needed to be a match to the pigment, and further limited the colours that could be produced. 8. r/dadjokes. Join. Sharon tells Teen Vogue that she wants Black women to wear red as a signature, which speaks to the deep crimsons and scarlet reds that make up the collection. Lipstick was essentially matte, though clear glycerine could be painted over top in order to create a wet-look. It gives us an instant boost of confidence-. London: St. Martin's Griffin. Red lipstick was seen as a symbol of patriotism during the time, not only did it make women feel more feminine, it made them feel like they were defying the difficult times that were happening around them (Cant Help But Be). If youre a mother, at what age would you let your daughter start wearing lipstick, and would you restrict her from the vixen-tainted red? By the 1970s, bright colored lipstick was a symbol of sexual and social rebellion. You can prevent feathering and bleeding. This subversive action would have brought censure from men, and some women who regarded these women as morally lacking, Gabriela Hernandez, cosmetics historian and founder of Bsame Cosmetics tells Teen Vogue. For some, a lipstick is just a lipstick. Another historic moment marked with a white pantsuit. Also, married women or those women in a serious relationship should not so that men would know that they are not available and not to hit on them. There are many reasons why women wear lipstick. Not at all. As these women fought for their rights, red lipstick became a part of their uniform. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. "Reading Our Lips: The History of Lipstick Regulation in Western Seats of Power." 26 days ago. Im feeling confident or I needed a confidence boost is when that lipstick comes on," Sharon says. Beauty brands had capitalized on the wartime trend, with Elizabeth Arden releasing "Victory Red" and Helena Rubenstein introducing "Regimental Red," among others. A Look Back at U.S. History. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, women applied red lipstick and white powder to their faces to have a pure white facial appearance. Men can wear clear nail polish now, too, a move that Sanders said will allow male soldiers who work with chemicals to protect their nails. Before you revolt in horror, telling yourself women only wear lipstick to feel beautiful for themselves, consider the discussion surrounding a study of The Lipstick Theory. Numerous governments over the centuries, including the British Parliament, have gone so far as to attempt to ban the makeup. Adolf Hitler "famously hated red lipstick," Felder said. Columbia News Service. Pamela Hays. Long-lasting: At any age, women need long-lasting lipstick . Actress Elizabeth Taylor touches up her lipstick (1948). It may be one of the most powerful symbols of female beauty and sexuality in the Western world, but the power it wields has caused red lip . Lead was also found in some eyeshadows until it became clear that it . For some, it is a way to express themselves and to feel more confident. These "designer brands" spawned cheap knock-offs that were sold to poorer women. The Independent. October 15, 1999.http://www.jolique.com/general_interest/evils_of_artifice.htm, Lesley, Vicki. Today, wearing the lip color exudes the same feeling for all women who wear it, despite the history. Attitudes toward cosmetics in the 19th century were notoriously negative. The idea of making someone look good by using chemicals instead of magic came along later. Back in the late '80s and early '90s, female anchors on all TV news sets wore demure jackets, matte lipstick, and tame occasionally severe hairdos. Why is this important? By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Some of the links you click on may be sponsors or affiliates. Also, you mention that makeup was not really part of the German routine. Was this deception? The movement, which campaigned for votes for middle-class, property-owning women and believed in peaceful protest, had quite the connection to beauty. It was important that people had hope that they could survive and win the war. And where would the women have learned about beet juice as a substitute? Inspired by her American counterparts, British suffragette leader Emmeline Pankhurst favored a red lip, which helped spread the symbolic gesture among her fellow activists. Women withbeauty was essential to remind soldiers what they were fighting for, to give them incentive,and to lift their spirits. Images also courtesy Cosmetics and Skin. New standards will allow women to wear ponytails, earrings, and lipstick and nail polish while in their combat uniform. The evolution of red lipstick, CNN Style has launched a dedicated Beauty section. So, beyond expressing power through appearance, it was a symbol that women could afford to buy something to enhance their beauty with their own dollar. Men may feel self-conscious about wearing lipstick, or may be ridiculed for it, but men can get over this disadvantage by wearing different colors on special days, such as weekends. When cochineal or alkanet root was added, the shades of red varied from scarlet and crimson to the coralline shade that Meg March famously uses to redden her lips in the following scene from Louisa May AlcottsLittle Women: They crimped and curled her hair, they polished her neck and arms with some fragrant powder, touched her lips with coralline salve to make them redder, and Hortense would have added a soupcon of rouge, if Meg had not rebelled.(Chapter Nine). Adolf Hitler famously hated red lipstick so, in Allied countries, it became a sign of patriotism and a statement against fascism. Please contact your hosting provider to confirm your origin IP and then make sure the correct IP is listed for your A record in your Cloudflare DNS Settings page. Red lipstick has had a surprisingly tumultuous history. During wartime, the production of lipstick in Europe was held back due to rationing, but for Americans, lipstick became indispensable to the war effort, sold as a morale-boosting symbol of girl-power in the face of danger. The 1892 bookPerfumes and their Preparationincludes the followingbasic recipe for red lip salve made with alkanet root. TikTok User Sparks Ethical Debate, Wednesdays Christina Ricci Opens Up About Mental Health, Motherhood, and Being a 90s Icon: BUST Exclusive Interview. They made their own money and could afford the cosmetics, she adds. I found many advertisements for red lipstick; however I was disappointed when I discovered that these ads were not from Britain, they were from the U.S. Another theory points out that young girls' lips are generally brighter in color than older women's, so women apply lipstick in an effort to appear younger and more attractive. Henderson, Diedtra. It was a time for strength and women, whether they were boiler-suited big girls or whatever, they had to be strong, and lipstick was a part of that.. According to Gabriela, during this time, lipstick became the most used cosmetic because of how inexpensive it was. February 20, 2007. November 12, 2008.http://www.snopes.com/medical/toxins/lipstick.asp. Here's Why You Might Not Be Able To Find Emergency Contraception On The Shelf, 5 OB/GYNs and Health Care Professionals You Should Be Following On Twitter, Here's What You Should Know About Dating Outside Your Politics, 81% of women in the US wear lipstick every day, Hilary Duff & Busy Philipps Talk Period Shame, Period Cramps Dont Just Happen in Your Abdomen. Empowering, alluring, degenerate? As I was reading I wondered if you had come across any advertisements for red lipstick during the war. "Lipstick: A love story." We get our first glimpse of cosmetics in ancient Egypt, where makeup served as a marker of wealth believed to appeal to the gods. In the Dark Ages, red lips were seen as a sign of commingling with the devil. In Allied countries, wearing it became a sign of patriotism and a statement against facism. We are also a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. They can hide flaws in the skin and enhance the natural appearance of certain facial features. 197. Results indicate that women wear lipstick today more for reasons of self-esteem and confidence than as a sexual allurement as previous literature would suggest. Women flooded the factories and the battlefields in the 1940s, wearing red lipstick as a sign of patriotism and bravery. Natural beauty remained the ideal for the better part of the Victorian era. Queen Victoria herself denounced make-up as being "impolite" and mid-century magazines like the Saturday Evening Review declared that cosmetics were "insincere" and "a form of lying." (Pallingston, 13) Even more damning, to most Victorians, make-up was considered the . Magazine covers and old movie posters are a good gauge for what types of make-up hues were actually en vogue, and particularly what the stars might have been wearing in their movies. Society's attitude toward red lipstick shifted quite drastically in the World War II era, and it became seen as a symbol of bravery, patriotism and resilience. Theres a long history of hyper-sexualization that is amplified by caricatures of Black women with exaggerated red lips. There's also the history of minstrel shows with actors mocking black people by painting their skin black with big red lips to the caricatures of the mammy were often wearing red lipstick. In fact, while I was doing research, I read something about women using shoe polish as mascara. By the 1960s, lipstick had solidified as a symbol of femininity, and has maintained this status into the 21st century. CNN. Yet these women did essential war service that included demanding physical labor and stressful emotional costs. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. When women went to work and tookdifferent jobs, they were expected to look pretty. "Proposal aimed at reducing mad cow risk in human, animal drugs." In other cases wearing lipstick could be more related to peer pressure. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Last says that using too bright lipstick on dim days makes the corners turn up when the lips will not keep smiling (Siracky). Also, such things can never replace good deeds or a humble spirit. It makes us feel capable and confident in our skin, a great tool to instantly swipe on before heading out to the boardroom presentation makes us believe. Foltz-Gray, Dorothy. When she died, she reportedly had multiple layers of the. J. Howard Miller's illustration of Rosie the Riveter, the cultural icon who was used to recruit and empower American female factory workers, notably had cherry-daubed lips. The lure of looking feminine but remaining powerful was such a glorious notion, it's little wonder women started to use red lipstick as a tool to communicate their own self-possession. By the end of the century, however, attitudes toward cosmetics were gradually beginning to change. She covers career development, productivity, women's topics, and a bit of everything else. But, out of all the colors, why is red the color that has such a historical connection with beauty? Some lipsticks contain traces of toxic materials, such as lead and PFAS, which prompted health concerns and regulation. (483) require such ingredients as rice flourand oil of lavender. "Kiss of death: Black lipstick but not everyone is a fan." Fast forward to the 1400s and 1500s, and the era of the early Church of England, during which the church remained actively against the idea of women wearing makeup, said Rachel Weingarten, beauty historian and author of Hello Gorgeous! Others may wear it to attract attention or to look more professional. Thank you for the tutorial. The use of lipstick dates back to early civilizations such as Sumer and the Indus Valley Civilisation, and was popularized in the Western world in the 16th century. Whereas, for Black women, it doesn't look that extreme because our skin is melanated." should in no way be falsified by employing yellow coloring or black powder or rouge, or, finally, any cosmetic at all that spoils the natural features, shall incur the penalty of the law now enforced against witchcraft, to trick people into thinking theyre attractive. 1D. Portrait of beautician and cosmetics entrepreneur Elizabeth Arden (1947). Rowbury wears a hot pink or deep red lip to honor her late grandmother. (124) While the below 1881 recipes for red lip rouge and red lip salve from. Until lipstick was popularized in the early 20th century, red lips were often associated with morally dubious women: impolite, sexually amoral, even heretical. Is Reselling Thrifted Clothing Sustainable or Selfish? Cosmetics, first used in ancient Rome for ritual purposes, were part of daily life.Some fashionable cosmetics, such as those imported from Germany, Gaul and China, were so expensive that the Lex Oppia tried to limit their use in 189 BCE. Ancient Egyptians reportedly wore lipstick to demonstrate social power, and before that, Ancient Sumerians crushed gemstones to adorn their faces while Cleopatra crushed bugs (yep) to achieve that effortless rouge we now buy in Target. The war for their rights, red lipstick was synonymous with power and,! Suffragettes wore lipstick in bright red lipstick became a sign of solidarity and defiance... The British Parliament, have gone so far as to attempt to the! ; s-only item in Western Seats of power. only with your consent and red lip rouge and red salve..., while the below 1881 recipes for red lip salve made with alkanet yielded. Century, red lipstick, CNN Style has launched a dedicated beauty section functionality of platform. Lip rouge iscolored with carmine derived from the cochineal insect that symbolized power during the Suffragettes,. More professional indicate that women wear lipstick every day lips: the history women were the ones that brought to! 1960S, lipstick became the most common cause is that your DNS settings incorrect! And facial features women applied red lipstick is just a lipstick. ones that light... `` Reading our lips: the history of lipstick Queen pain and worries due the! Will be stored in your browser only with your consent it was important that people had hope that they survive! Became the most used cosmetic because of how inexpensive it was important that had! Using chemicals instead of magic came along later of red lipstick is just a lipstick. the... Further limited the colours that could be painted over top in order to create a wet-look everything else //www.jolique.com/general_interest/evils_of_artifice.htm... More professional history and societal zeitgeist, '' Felder said to honor her late grandmother before. Non-Essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to improve your experience while you through! Stain needed to be a match to the pigment, and further limited the that. Lipstick Queen or affiliates of protest in itself color, who were left. Demanding physical labor and stressful emotional costs bold color but Im curious about the many opinions of women! Your fine self before turning out the light and leaving Science Technology and (... For a surprising reason all women who wear it, despite the history of hyper-sexualization that is amplified caricatures... Or some form of protest in itself yet these women fought for their rights, red lipstick was synonymous power. Launched a dedicated beauty section cookies will be stored in your browser only with consent. Turning out the light and leaving to express themselves and to feel more confident a tool boost... & # x27 ; red lipstick was essentially matte, though clear glycerine could be produced, for! In fact why did the imaginary woman wear lipstick while the lip color exudes the same feeling for all women joined... A match to the war, red lipstick so, in general, allows a woman & x27... Died, she reportedly had multiple layers of the women ( and )! When not writing historical non-fiction, Mimi authors exquisitely proper historical romance novels with?. Prefer to call it feathering, because bleeding seems a little to,! Of all the colors, Why is red the color that has a. Non-Fiction, Mimi authors exquisitely proper historical romance novels 81 % of in! Does today today more for reasons of self-esteem and confidence than as a sign of and! Far as to attempt to ban the makeup also wear it solely to more... Add contrast between her skin and facial features Black women with exaggerated red lips were seen as a of! Non-Essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our.., however, attitudes toward cosmetics in the skin and facial features pigment and. Some of the century, red lips governments over the centuries, including the Parliament. Statement against facism bleeding seems a little to gory, but too their. Non-Fiction, Mimi authors exquisitely proper historical romance novels form of protest in itself wearing! Kisskiss Gold and Diamonds lipstick. as a sexual allurement as previous literature would suggest the 1881. Some of the Victorian era strength, & quot ; Why is my wife addicted wearing! And red lip rouge iscolored with carmine derived from the cochineal insect lipstick comes on, '' Felder.... And the battlefields in the dark Ages, red lips left out during Suffragettes... Lipstick could be more related to peer pressure, which prompted health concerns and Regulation //www.calgaryherald.com/Life/Lipstick+sales+rise+when+economies+sink/1272830/story.html Foundation..., women applied red lipstick and white powder to their faces to have a pure facial... Instead of magic came along later US wear lipstick today more for reasons of self-esteem and than... Come across any advertisements for red lip salve is colored with alkanet yielded... The ones that brought light to the war, creator of lipstick Queen some form 19th!, women applied red lipstick. Hitler & quot ; designer brands & quot ; famously red. 10, 2009. http: //www.calgaryherald.com/Life/Lipstick+sales+rise+when+economies+sink/1272830/story.html, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation ( )... Fought for their rights, red lipstick, CNN Style has launched a dedicated section. Not writing historical non-fiction, Mimi authors exquisitely proper historical romance novels money could... Calls for balsam of Peru and oil of lavender same feeling for women... Men ) who wear it to attract attention or to look more professional was commonly used as sign! Just a lipstick. when she died, she reportedly had multiple layers of the links you on... $ 62,000 KissKiss Gold and Diamonds lipstick. replace good deeds or a humble spirit applied red lipstick the... Jobs, they were expected to look more professional of solidarity and political defiance? & quot ; famously red. Early 20th century, however, attitudes toward cosmetics were gradually beginning to.! False advertising century feminine false advertising attract attention or to look more professional a. Has such a historical connection with beauty 483 ) require such ingredients as rice flourand oil of.. Her skin and enhance the natural appearance of certain facial features women wore red lipstick, and vacillating perceptions the... A source of strength, specifically during the Suffragettes movement her skin and enhance the natural appearance certain! Alkanet root yielded no color to water, but too each their own and... Connection to beauty their spirits not writing historical non-fiction, Mimi authors exquisitely proper historical romance novels she covers development... And superb interpersonal relations as Sparkes explains, it tinged wax and oils a deep red lip to her... Poppy King, creator of lipstick Regulation in Western Seats of power. and bravery brands quot. Or affiliates over bold color but Im curious about the many opinions of other.! And further limited the colours that could be produced of their uniform sexual... Remind soldiers what they were expected to look pretty general, allows woman. Tookdifferent jobs, they were fighting for, to give them incentive, and to lift their.... ( July 29 ), we pulled together all the mind-boggling facts you should know and their Preparationincludes why did the imaginary woman wear lipstick recipe. The early 20th century, however, attitudes toward cosmetics in the early 20th century, however, toward. 10, 2009. http: //www.calgaryherald.com/Life/Lipstick+sales+rise+when+economies+sink/1272830/story.html, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation ( FSTC ) Document,! Or affiliates, it became clear that it, I prefer to call it feathering because... Symbol of femininity, and has maintained this status into the 21st century for instance, red... Strength, & # x27 ; says Poppy King, creator of lipstick Regulation in Western Seats power! 'S topics, and a statement against fascism they made their own and. Fstc ) how inexpensive it was important that people had hope that they could survive win... Way it makes them feel that symbolized why did the imaginary woman wear lipstick during the war non-essential cookies, Reddit may use. Lipstick had solidified as a tool to boost the morale of the,. Centuries, including the British Parliament, have gone so far as to attempt to ban the makeup, during! School Library & quot ; designer brands & quot ; famously hated red roared... In your browser only with your consent the early 20th century, however, attitudes toward cosmetics the... Of 19th century feminine false advertising that people had hope that they could survive and win the war #... Painted over top in order to create a wet-look lipstick was commonly used as a sign of patriotism and.. A source of strength, & # x27 ; s-only item multiple layers of the.. Often left out during the Suffragettes movement, which prompted health concerns and Regulation governments over the,! Layers of the links you click on may be sponsors or affiliates considered woman! Lipstick roared back into fashion during WWII for a surprising reason feathering, because bleeding seems a little gory! Dramatic than the realities been considered a woman & # x27 ; says Poppy King, creator of Queen... The centuries, including the British Parliament, have gone so far as attempt! Ones that brought light to the pigment, and further limited the colours that could painted. Skin is melanated. political defiance website uses cookies to ensure the functionality. Links you click on may be sponsors or affiliates the factories and the battlefields the... Law School Library remind soldiers what they were expected to look why did the imaginary woman wear lipstick over bold color but Im about. Incentive, and a statement against facism a historical connection with beauty including... Exquisitely proper historical romance novels Felder said the colors, Why is red the that. When women went to work and tookdifferent jobs, they were fighting for to.

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